Jav XXXDuring the last half century the United States may have achieved flashier goals, with the Apollo Moon landings, and produced the most capable spacecraft in the form of the space shuttle. But even as the glory of Sputnik and Gagarin faded, the Russians have plugged along with their decades-old, capable rocket technology. And because of this reliability and relatively low costs, the Russians have continually launched more rockets into space than any other country.
Until now. According to data collected by The Moscow Times, Russia is expected to finish 2017 with just 18 rocket launches into space, compared to China's 19 and 20 from the United States. The US tally will be led by the United Launch Alliance, which is expected to have a dozen launches by the end of the year. The American total would be higher still if SpaceX returns to flight from a September accident by the end of the year.
The Russian newspaper cites several reasons for the country's decline from a peak of 100 launches during the USSR's prime, including declining space budgets, cost competition from providers like SpaceX for the commercial launch market, and recent problems with its heretofore reliable Proton launch vehicle.
The gap should only widen in the coming years. Before its accident in September, SpaceX was moving toward a schedule of one or more launches per month, matching or possibly exceeding the cadence of its US-based competitor United Launch Alliance. Blue Origin, too, could join their ranks as early as 2019, potentially fulfilling the promise of capitalism—that private sector rocketry can offer a cheaper, better alternative to a government-led launch model.
A potentially Earth-like planet circles a bright star 150 light-years away, casting a shadow tracked from space — and now from Earth, too.
The planet, called K2-3d, was originally seen crossing in front of its star by NASA's Kepler space telescope during that instrument's ongoing K2 mission. Researchers brought the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory's 188-centimeter (6 feet) telescope to bear on the speck to fine-tune their understanding of the exoplanet's orbit down to a precision of 18 seconds, according to new research.
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Using this first-ever Earth-based measurement of the planet, the researchers predicted when the planet will cross its star in 2018, when the newly complete James Webb Space Telescope should be able to watch carefully and analyze the planet's atmosphere for potential signs of life or habitability. [10 Exoplanets That Could Host Alien Life]
K2-3d is about 1.5 times the size of Earth and orbits a star half the size of the sun every 45 days. The exoplanet circles closer to its star than Earth does around the sun — one-fifth the Earth-sun distance — but because this is a cooler star, the planet should rest at an Earth-like temperature that could host liquid water, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan researchers said in a statement. That space around a given star is known as the habitable zone because it has the potential to support life similar to that found on Earth.
Kepler discovered the planet based on the star's slight dimming as the planet passed in front, from the telescope's perspective — a process of discovery called the transit method. Because Kepler's K2 mission examines patches of the sky for only around 80 days each, researchers could observe K2-3d crossing the star just twice. But the planet is closer to Earth and has a brighter host star than most of the other potentially habitable planets discovered by Kepler, researchers said in the statement, so K2-3d was worth a second glance. NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope observed two more transits, further increasing what researchers knew about the planet's orbit Jav Uncensored
Thứ Sáu, 2 tháng 12, 2016
Small Black Holes Deadlier Than Big Ones
Jav hdIn an exclusive video for Business Insider, the author of “The Copernicus Complex” set the record straight on which type of black hole could be more dangerous to a human being should he or she fall into one, hypothetically speaking. “Small black holes are much more deadly than big black holes,” Scharf said.
According to Scharf, the reason why small black holes are deadlier is due to the fact that the small ones have very extreme gravitational tidal fields. Therefore, if a human falls into a small black hole, it’s very likely that the tidal field will “spaghettify” his or her body and stretch the body out to its component atoms.
On the contrary, Scharf compares giant black holes with gentle beasts when speaking of their tidal fields. “So you could actually cross through the event horizon of a giant black hole and not really feel anything,” the astrobiologist said. However, even though a human being is unlikely to be pulverized by the tides of the giant black hole, there is still a big downside to this situation — being unable to come back out of the hole again.
Despite answering the question, Scharf still maintains that there is no way of knowing what really happens for sure. Nevertheless, his answer is grounded on the classical general relativity theory.
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Meanwhile, although scientists have long believed that black holes are the deadliest force in the universe, there are still others who prefer to dissent. Just last year, an Ohio State University scientist proposed a bizarre theory called the “fuzzball” theory that contradicts what has been said about black holes.
According to Dr. Samir Mathur’s proposed theory, black holes do not destroy everything they touch. The scientist stated that black holes are actually very timid that even if planet Earth is swallowed by one, everyone wouldn’t notice this event at all. Dr. Mathur even proposed that black holes create an imperfect copy of the material they touch, while the original one continues to exist as before, as reported by Daily Mail.
Dr. Mathur formulated his fuzzball theory way back in 2003, but it was only until 2015 when his theory got published in Arxiv. Despite his perception of what black holes really are, Dr. Mathur also acknowledged the more popular firewall theory for black holes. According to him, if the firewall theory is proven to be true, “then the idea of the universe as a hologram has to be wrong.”
According to Scharf, the reason why small black holes are deadlier is due to the fact that the small ones have very extreme gravitational tidal fields. Therefore, if a human falls into a small black hole, it’s very likely that the tidal field will “spaghettify” his or her body and stretch the body out to its component atoms.
On the contrary, Scharf compares giant black holes with gentle beasts when speaking of their tidal fields. “So you could actually cross through the event horizon of a giant black hole and not really feel anything,” the astrobiologist said. However, even though a human being is unlikely to be pulverized by the tides of the giant black hole, there is still a big downside to this situation — being unable to come back out of the hole again.
Despite answering the question, Scharf still maintains that there is no way of knowing what really happens for sure. Nevertheless, his answer is grounded on the classical general relativity theory.
Jav Censored HD
Meanwhile, although scientists have long believed that black holes are the deadliest force in the universe, there are still others who prefer to dissent. Just last year, an Ohio State University scientist proposed a bizarre theory called the “fuzzball” theory that contradicts what has been said about black holes.
According to Dr. Samir Mathur’s proposed theory, black holes do not destroy everything they touch. The scientist stated that black holes are actually very timid that even if planet Earth is swallowed by one, everyone wouldn’t notice this event at all. Dr. Mathur even proposed that black holes create an imperfect copy of the material they touch, while the original one continues to exist as before, as reported by Daily Mail.
Dr. Mathur formulated his fuzzball theory way back in 2003, but it was only until 2015 when his theory got published in Arxiv. Despite his perception of what black holes really are, Dr. Mathur also acknowledged the more popular firewall theory for black holes. According to him, if the firewall theory is proven to be true, “then the idea of the universe as a hologram has to be wrong.”
Antarctica balloons will study cosmic rays and neutrinos
Jav onlineAn unmanned cargo ship travelling to the International Space Station burned up in the atmosphere shortly after lauching Thursday, the Russian space agency said, raising concerns over space travel safety.
"According to preliminary information, as a result of an abnormal situation, the cargo ship's loss occurred some 190 kilometres above the remote, unpopulated mountainous territory of (Russia's) Tuva region, and most fragments burned up in dense layers of the atmosphere," Roscosmos said in a statement.
Roscosmos said earlier Thursday that it had lost contact with the Progress MS-04 ship 383 seconds after it launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and that its specialists were looking into the problem.
The space agency said the loss of the cargo ship will "not affect the normal operations of the ISS systems and the subsistence of the station's crew".
NASA meanwhile said on its website that supplies at the space laboratory are "at good levels".
The cargo ship, which had been scheduled to arrive at the ISS on Saturday, was carrying 2.4 tonnes of fuel, food and equipment when it took off from Baikonur, Roscosmos said.
- Second failed launch -
The Russian agency said a state commission would probe the incident but did not say whether it would affect future launches.
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This latest incident represents the second failed launch of a Progress cargo ship in less than two years.
In April 2015 a Progress ship disintegrated as it plummeted to Earth, a failure Russia blamed on a problem with a Soyuz rocket.
The incident saw Russia put all space travel on hold for nearly three months and forced a group of astronauts to spend an extra month on the ISS.
Russia said at the time that because the same type of rocket is used for manned ships, all issues with Progress resupply missions needed to be thoroughly investigated before any manned vessels could be launched.
Russia sends three or four such spacecraft per year to supply the ISS. After making their delivery, they plummet back to Earth, burning up in the atmosphere above the Pacific Ocean.
Last month Frenchman Thomas Pesquet, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitsky and American astronaut Peggy Whitson launched to the ISS for a six-month mission.
The launch followed that of Russians Andrei Borisenko and Sergei Ryzhikov and American Shane Kimbrough in October, which was pushed back by nearly a month due to technical issues.
Technical mishaps have complicated plans to extend the periods during which the ISS is fully staffed with six astronauts.
Russia's Soyuz capsules offer the only way for global astronauts to reach the space station since the American space shuttle programme was retired in 2011.
The space laboratory, where a range of research is carried out, has been orbiting Earth at about 28,000 kilometres per hour (17,000 miles per hour) since 1998 Jav Censored
"According to preliminary information, as a result of an abnormal situation, the cargo ship's loss occurred some 190 kilometres above the remote, unpopulated mountainous territory of (Russia's) Tuva region, and most fragments burned up in dense layers of the atmosphere," Roscosmos said in a statement.
Roscosmos said earlier Thursday that it had lost contact with the Progress MS-04 ship 383 seconds after it launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and that its specialists were looking into the problem.
The space agency said the loss of the cargo ship will "not affect the normal operations of the ISS systems and the subsistence of the station's crew".
NASA meanwhile said on its website that supplies at the space laboratory are "at good levels".
The cargo ship, which had been scheduled to arrive at the ISS on Saturday, was carrying 2.4 tonnes of fuel, food and equipment when it took off from Baikonur, Roscosmos said.
- Second failed launch -
The Russian agency said a state commission would probe the incident but did not say whether it would affect future launches.
Jav Uncensored HD
This latest incident represents the second failed launch of a Progress cargo ship in less than two years.
In April 2015 a Progress ship disintegrated as it plummeted to Earth, a failure Russia blamed on a problem with a Soyuz rocket.
The incident saw Russia put all space travel on hold for nearly three months and forced a group of astronauts to spend an extra month on the ISS.
Russia said at the time that because the same type of rocket is used for manned ships, all issues with Progress resupply missions needed to be thoroughly investigated before any manned vessels could be launched.
Russia sends three or four such spacecraft per year to supply the ISS. After making their delivery, they plummet back to Earth, burning up in the atmosphere above the Pacific Ocean.
Last month Frenchman Thomas Pesquet, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitsky and American astronaut Peggy Whitson launched to the ISS for a six-month mission.
The launch followed that of Russians Andrei Borisenko and Sergei Ryzhikov and American Shane Kimbrough in October, which was pushed back by nearly a month due to technical issues.
Technical mishaps have complicated plans to extend the periods during which the ISS is fully staffed with six astronauts.
Russia's Soyuz capsules offer the only way for global astronauts to reach the space station since the American space shuttle programme was retired in 2011.
The space laboratory, where a range of research is carried out, has been orbiting Earth at about 28,000 kilometres per hour (17,000 miles per hour) since 1998 Jav Censored
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